Although Windows 98 has been out of general circulation for well over a decade now, it might come as a surprise to some people that it’s still actively in use, especially in a business or specialized environment for running old software. There is actually a third party Service Pack for Windows 98 Second Edition which is still being updated well into 2013, even though Microsoft ended their support for Windows 98 on the 11th of July 2006! Obviously, hardware support from all major manufacturers has ended years ago so if you or your company still run Windows 98 in some capacity, it’s incredibly difficult to find compatible hardware and software for it.
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As an example, a company I did some work for a while back purchased a Kingston Data Traveler USB flash drive for backup purposes on a computer that’s still running Windows 98. The problem is, due to some obsolete software that needs to run on Windows 98, the computer cannot be upgraded to newer versions of Windows such as 8, 7, Vista or even Windows XP. I’ve tried compatibility mode on Windows XP and it doesn’t work either, so it’s either upgrade the software or continue using Windows 98. Updating the old software is very expensive, so the decision was to stay with Windows 98 and try to source parts that can support this ageing operating system.
The immediate problem was getting the flash drive to work. Windows 98SE is actually not too bad at handling mass storage drivers for a USB storage device IF you have a driver disc that accompanied it or a download is available. 98SE doesn’t come with a generic mass storage driver that would install support for all standard USB storage devices like newer Windows versions, so not every device you insert will simply get recognised. Predictably, Kingston offers no support for their devices in Windows 98 so no driver can be installed to pick up the flash drive.
After much searching and testing, I finally managed to install the Kingston DataTraveler on Windows 98. This following method which I’m about to show you can work for most USB mass storage devices if your Windows 98 has detection problems. What I found was a generic Windows 98SE USB mass storage device driver that will work with many makes and models of the following:– USB Flash Drives
– Digital Photo and Video Cameras (that connect to the PC via USB)
– USB Hard Drives
– MP3 Players (including Apple iPod from v2.4)
– Sony PlayStation Portable (PSP)
This driver isn’t guaranteed to work with all devices because it’s a generic driver, and you shouldn’t install it if you have no issues in the first place. It does though work well for the purpose it was intended for, it did for me and has for many other people.
Installing the generic USB Mass Storage driver
1. Download Windows 98SE Generic USB Mass Storage Device Driver to the desktop.
2. Open Device Manager (right click My Computer -> Properties -> Device Manager) and remove ALL drivers for USB flash drives. This includes any drivers of removable devices previously installed from the “Disk drives” tree.
3. Remove all drivers for any USB controllers (under Universal Serial Bus controllers). Devices in Device Manager can be uninstalled by right clicking on an entry and selecting “Remove”. Also remove any Unknown/Other devices, those which have no installed driver.
4. Run the nusb36e.exe driver installer. After that has completed, reboot the computer.
5. During reboot, the computer will detect new devices and USB controllers and will ask for the Windows 98 install CD so make sure you have it to hand. The driver install window actually tells you to reboot after these controllers are installed but I didn’t have to. If you have any issues, then follow the advice and reboot a second time.
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6. Then insert your USB storage device and it should get picked up by Windows. Don’t forget Windows 98 cannot read NTFS so the storage device needs to be formatted with FAT/FAT32 to be recognised with a drive letter. Open My Computer and your flash drive or device should be visible.
The 16GB flash drive above wasn’t a Kingston but still required the general USB mass storage driver to be installed for it to be detected. Do note that this driver is for English versions of Windows 98SE only and won’t work on the original Windows 98. You can visit the related MSFN forum thread for more support or updates to the driver in future.
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Important
This topic is for programmers. If you are a customer experiencing USB problems, see Troubleshoot common USB problems
This topic lists the Microsoft-provided drivers for the supported USB device classes.
- Microsoft-provided drivers for USB-IF approved device classes.
- For composite devices, use USB Generic Parent Driver (Usbccgp.sys) that creates physical device objects (PDOs) for each function.
- For non-composite devices or a function of a composite device, use WinUSB (Winusb.sys).
If you are installing USB drivers: You do not need to download USB device class drivers. They are installed automatically. These drivers and their installation files are included in Windows. They are available in the WindowsSystem32DriverStoreFileRepository folder. The drivers are updated through Windows Update.
If you are writing a custom driver: Before writing a driver for your USB device, determine whether a Microsoft-provided driver meets the device requirements. If a Microsoft-provided driver is not available for the USB device class to which your device belongs, then consider using generic drivers, Winusb.sys or Usbccgp.sys. Write a driver only when necessary. More guidelines are included in Choosing a driver model for developing a USB client driver.
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USB Device classes
USB Device classes are categories of devices with similar characteristics and that perform common functions. Those classes and their specifications are defined by the USB-IF. Each device class is identified by USB-IF approved class, subclass, and protocol codes, all of which are provided by the IHV in device descriptors in the firmware. Microsoft provides in-box drivers for several of those device classes, called USB device class drivers. If a device that belongs to a supported device class is connected to a system, Windows automatically loads the class driver, and the device functions with no additional driver required.
Hardware vendors should not write drivers for the supported device classes. Windows class drivers might not support all of the features that are described in a class specification. If some of the device's capabilities are not implemented by the class driver, vendors should provide supplementary drivers that work in conjunction with the class driver to support the entire range of functionality provided by the device.
For general information about USB-IF approved device classes see the USB Common Class Specification
The current list of USB class specifications and class codes is documented in the USB-IF Defined Class Code List.
Device setup classes
Windows categorizes devices by device setup classes, which indicate the functionality of the device.
Microsoft defines setup classes for most devices. IHVs and OEMs can define new device setup classes, but only if none of the existing classes apply. For more information, see System-Defined Device Setup Classes.
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Two important device setup classes for USB devices are as follows:
USBDevice {88BAE032-5A81-49f0-BC3D-A4FF138216D6}: IHVs must use this class for custom devices that do not belong to another class. This class is not used for USB host controllers and hubs.
USB {36fc9e60-c465-11cf-8056-444553540000}: IHVs must not use this class for their custom devices. This is reserved for USB host controllers and USB hubs.
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The device setup classes are different from USB device classes discussed earlier. For example, an audio device has a USB device class code of 01h in its descriptor. When connected to a system, Windows loads the Microsoft-provided class driver, Usbaudio.sys. In Device Manager, the device is shown under is Sound, video and game controllers, which indicates that the device setup class is Media.
Microsoft-provided USB device class drivers
| USB-IF class code | Device setup class | Microsoft-provided driver and INF | Windows support | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audio (01h) | Media {4d36e96c-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318} | Usbaudio.sys Wdma_usb.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions (Home, Pro, Enterprise, and Education) Windows 10 Mobile Windows 8.1 Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista | Microsoft provides support for the USB audio device class by means of the Usbaudio.sys driver. For more information, see 'USBAudio Class System Driver' in Kernel-Mode WDM Audio Components. For more information about Windows audio support, see the Audio Device Technologies for Windows website. |
| Communications and CDC Control (02h) | ||||
| Ports {4D36E978-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318} | Usbser.sys Usbser.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 10 Mobile | In Windows 10, a new INF, Usbser.inf, has been added that loads Usbser.sys automatically as the function driver. For more information, see USB serial driver (Usbser.sys) | |
| Modem {4D36E96D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318} Note Supports Subclass 02h (ACM) | Usbser.sys Custom INF that references mdmcpq.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 8.1 Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista | In Windows 8.1 and earlier versions, Usbser.sys is not automatically loaded. To load the driver, you need to write an INF that references the modem INF (mdmcpq.inf) and includes [Install] and [Needs] sections. Starting with Windows Vista, you can enable CDC and Wireless Mobile CDC (WMCDC) support by setting a registry value, as described in Support for the Wireless Mobile Communication Device Class. When CDC support is enabled, the USB Common Class Generic Parent Driver enumerates interface collections that correspond to CDC and WMCDC Control Models, and assigns physical device objects (PDO) to these collections. | |
| Net {4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318} Note Supports Subclass 0Eh (MBIM) | wmbclass.sys Netwmbclass.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 8.1 Windows 8 | Starting in Windows 8, Microsoft provides the wmbclass.sys driver, for mobile broadband devices. See, MB Interface Model. | |
| HID (Human Interface Device) (03h) | HIDClass {745a17a0-74d3-11d0-b6fe-00a0c90f57da} | Hidclass.sys Hidusb.sys Input.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 10 Mobile Windows 8.1 Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista | Microsoft provides the HID class driver (Hidclass.sys) and the miniclass driver (Hidusb.sys) to operate devices that comply with the USB HID Standard. For more information, see HID Architecture and Minidrivers and the HID class driver. For further information about Windows support for input hardware, see the Input and HID - Architecture and Driver Support website. |
| Physical (05h) | - | - | - | Recommended driver: WinUSB (Winusb.sys) |
| Image (06h) | Image {6bdd1fc6-810f-11d0-bec7-08002be2092f} | Usbscan.sys Sti.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 8.1 Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista | Microsoft provides the Usbscan.sys driver that manages USB digital cameras and scanners for Windows XP and later operating systems. This driver implements the USB component of the Windows Imaging Architecture (WIA). For more information about WIA, see Windows Image Acquisition Drivers and the Windows Imaging Component website. For a description of the role that Usbscan.sys plays in the WIA, see WIA Core Components. |
| Printer (07h) | USB Note Usbprint.sys enumerates printer devices under the device set up class: Printer {4d36e979-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}. | Usbprint.sys Usbprint.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 8.1 Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista | Microsoft provides the Usbprint.sys class driver that manages USB printers. For information about implementation of the printer class in Windows, see the Printing - Architecture and Driver Support website. |
| Mass Storage (08h) | ||||
| USB | Usbstor.sys | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 10 Mobile Windows 8.1 Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista | Microsoft provides the Usbstor.sys port driver to manage USB mass storage devices with Microsoft's native storage class drivers. For an example device stack that is managed by this driver, see Device Object Example for a USB Mass Storage Device. For information about Windows storage support, see the Storage Technologies website. | |
| SCSIAdapter {4d36e97b-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318} | SubClass (06) and Protocol (62) Uaspstor.sys Uaspstor.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 10 Mobile Windows 8.1 Windows 8 | Uaspstor.sys is the class driver for SuperSpeed USB devices that support bulk stream endpoints. For more information see: | |
| Hub (09h) | USB {36fc9e60-c465-11cf-8056-444553540000} | |||
| Usbhub.sys Usb.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 10 Mobile Windows 8.1 Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista | Microsoft provides the Usbhub.sys driver for managing USB hubs. For more information about the relationship between the hub class driver and the USB stack, see USB host-side drivers in Windows. | ||
| Usbhub3.sys Usbhub3.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 8.1 Windows 8 | Microsoft provides the Usbhub3.sys driver for managing SuperSpeed (USB 3.0) USB hubs. The driver is loaded when a SuperSpeed hub is attached to an xHCI controller. See USB host-side drivers in Windows. | ||
| CDC-Data (0Ah) | - | - | - | Recommended driver: WinUSB (Winusb.sys) |
| Smart Card (0Bh) | SmartCardReader {50dd5230-ba8a-11d1-bf5d-0000f805f530} | |||
| Usbccid.sys (Obsolete) | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista | Microsoft provides the Usbccid.sys mini-class driver to manage USB smart card readers. For more information about smart card drivers in Windows, see Smart Card Design Guide. Note that for Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000, special instructions are required for loading this driver because it might have been released later than the operating system. Note Usbccid.sys driver has been replaced by UMDF driver, WUDFUsbccidDriver.dll. | ||
| WUDFUsbccidDriver.dll WUDFUsbccidDriver.inf | Windows 8.1 Windows 8 | WUDFUsbccidDriver.dll is a user-mode driver for USB CCID Smart Card Reader devices. | ||
| Content Security (0Dh) | - | - | - | Recommended driver: USB Generic Parent Driver (Usbccgp.sys). Some content security functionality is implemented in Usbccgp.sys. See Content Security Features in Usbccgp.sys. |
| Video (0Eh) | Image {6bdd1fc6-810f-11d0-bec7-08002be2092f} | Usbvideo.sys Usbvideo.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows Vista | Microsoft provides USB video class support by means of the Usbvideo.sys driver. For more information, see 'USB Video Class Driver' under AVStream Minidrivers. Note that for Windows XP, special instructions are required for loading this driver because it might have been released later than the operating system. |
| Personal Healthcare (0Fh) | - | - | - | Recommended driver: WinUSB (Winusb.sys) |
| Audio/Video Devices (10h) | - | - | - | - |
| Diagnostic Device (DCh) | - | - | - | Recommended driver: WinUSB (Winusb.sys) |
| Wireless Controller (E0h) Note Supports Subclass 01h and Protocol 01h | Bluetooth {e0cbf06c-cd8b-4647-bb8a-263b43f0f974} | Bthusb.sys Bth.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 10 Mobile Windows 8.1 Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Vista | Microsoft provides the Bthusb.sys miniport driver to manage USB Bluetooth radios. For more information, see Bluetooth Design Guide. |
| Miscellaneous (EFh) | Net {4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318} Note Supports SubClass 04h and Protocol 01h | Rndismp.sys Rndismp.inf | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 8.1 Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Vista | Prior to Windows Vista, support for CDC is limited to the RNDIS-specific implementation of the Abstract Control Model (ACM) with a vendor-unique protocol (bInterfaceProtocol) value of 0xFF. The RNDIS facility centers the management of all 802-style network cards in a single class driver, Rndismp.sys. For a detailed discussion of remote NDIS, see Overview of Remote NDIS. The mapping of remote NDIS to USB is implemented in the Usb8023.sys driver. For further information about networking support in Windows, see the Networking and Wireless Technologies website. |
| Application Specific (FEh) | - | - | - | Recommended driver: WinUSB (Winusb.sys) |
| Vendor Specific (FFh) | - | - | Windows 10 for desktop editions Windows 10 Mobile | Recommended driver: WinUSB (Winusb.sys) |
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